As the sweltering summer heat diminishes, fall mosquitoes are becoming more noticeable. Climate change has raised average summer temperatures, creating conditions that allow mosquito activity to extend well into September. Mosquitoes thrive in temperatures ranging from 25°C to 32°C (77°F to 89.6°F), and with heat advisories persisting into every fall, the idea of summer mosquitoes is evolving.
Decline of Summer Mosquitoes
Climate change has shifted the peak mosquito season away from the traditional summer months. In fact, August saw a significant drop in mosquito populations, mainly due to the extreme heat. Prolonged high temperatures disrupt the habitats necessary for mosquito breeding, leading to fewer water sources for larvae. This reduces their numbers, diminishes their activity, and shortens their lifespan.
Lovebugs Filling the Void Left by Fewer Mosquitoes
With the decline in summer mosquitoes, lovebugs have become more prevalent. Known scientifically as Plecia nearctica, these insects are harmless and not considered pests, yet their tendency to swarm can cause discomfort. Consequently, complaints about lovebugs have more than doubled compared to 2023. Experts indicate that unusual weather patterns, including extreme heat, alter the seasonal presence of various insects.
Fall Mosquitoes: More Itchy than Summer Ones
When bitten by fall mosquitoes, you may experience significantly more itching than summer mosquitoes. Autumn is the breeding season for mosquitoes, prompting them to consume more blood to gather energy for laying eggs. During feeding, mosquitoes inject hirudin into our bloodstream, which prevents blood clotting and causes itching. The more blood a mosquito consumes, the more hirudin enters our system, leading to increased itching and longer-lasting swelling.
Winter Mosquitoes: A Growing Concern
Recent trends suggest that we may encounter mosquitoes even in winter. According to the National Weather Service, last winter was one of the warmest on record. If January temperatures rise above 10°C (50°F), the Asian tiger mosquito, which can transmit diseases such as dengue fever, may survive as an adult through the winter. When temperatures drop significantly, mosquitoes seek refuge in sheltered areas with less wind and higher humidity, such as drains or basements. This may necessitate the installation of traps indoors to keep winter mosquitoes at bay.
Beware of Japanese Encephalitis
The disease is transmitted by the Culex mosquito, which is more active during late summer and fall. While many infections present mild symptoms such as fever and headache, severe cases can escalate to encephalitis, leading to high fever, seizures, and paralysis.
No Special Treatment Available
Currently, there is no specific treatment for Japanese encephalitis. Treatment focuses on alleviating symptoms and may involve anticonvulsants, antipyretics, and antibiotics. Patients are advised to rest during the acute phase. If a patient enters a coma, securing the airway is essential. Even after recovery, complications such as speech disorders and impaired judgment may occur, particularly in children and the elderly, who are at a higher risk.
Vaccination is Essential
While there is no treatment for Japanese encephalitis, vaccination can effectively prevent it. Following the standard immunization schedule is recommended. Children under 12 years old who qualify for the national vaccination program can receive the vaccine for free. Adults living near areas with mosquitoes or planning to travel to regions where Japanese encephalitis is a risk should also consider vaccination.
Avoid Outdoor Drinking and Shower Frequently
Mosquitoes identify their blood hosts by tracking carbon dioxide and are attracted to volatile substances like ammonia found in sweat. Alcohol consumption can increase ammonia levels, affecting body odor. As a result, individuals with higher concentrations of these substances in their sweat are more prone to mosquito bites. If you’ve been drinking, you may become an even more attractive target for mosquitoes.
Using a Fan
Keeping a fan running can also help keep mosquitoes at bay. Mosquitoes are lightweight and fly slowly, making them susceptible to wind. Setting a fan to “strong” can push mosquitoes away by up to 2 meters (about 6.5 feet). Additionally, the airflow can help disperse body odors, making it harder for mosquitoes to locate you.
Caution: When Applying Insect Repellent
Insect repellents are designed to deter mosquitoes using ingredients that make them less likely to approach. These products should be applied in a thin layer on exposed skin and clothing, typically offering protection for about 4 to 5 hours. However, avoid overapplication, as excessive use can lead to side effects.
Do not apply repellents to sensitive areas such as the face, around the eyes and mouth, or on open wounds, and avoid using them in enclosed spaces. After outdoor activities, washing your skin thoroughly and laundering any clothing that has come into contact with the repellent is advisable.
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