Many people are unaware that a plant commonly found in mountains and fields was once used as an ingredient in poisoned executions throughout history. At first glance, it may appear to be an ordinary herb, but it harbors a potent toxin that makes it extremely dangerous.
The plant in question is Jack-in-the-Pulpit, a highly toxic herbaceous perennial found in wetlands across South Korea and northeastern China.
Jack-in-the-Pulpit typically grows between 15 and 50 cm tall, with round, fleshy roots. Its stem is generally green, though it can sometimes develop purple spots—the plant blooms between May and July, producing flowers with curved green bracts. After the flowers wither, it bears berry-like fruits that turn bright red when ripe, resembling small corn kernels.
What makes Jack-in-the-Pulpit particularly dangerous is the presence of strong toxins throughout its entire structure. While all parts of the plant contain poison, the highest concentration is found in the corms and roots. If ingested, these toxins, including saponins and alkaloids, can cause severe vomiting, dizziness, and respiratory distress. In extreme cases, consumption can be fatal.
Historically, Jack-in-the-Pulpit was recorded as an ingredient in poisoned execution wine used during the Joseon Dynasty. The main components of execution poison at the time included arsenic trioxide (As₂O₃) and toxic extracts from Jack-in-the-Pulpit. The combination was chosen for its rapid and lethal effects, ensuring a swift execution.
Despite its high toxicity, Jack-in-the-Pulpit has also been used in traditional medicine. Historical records describe its application in treating stroke, phlegm buildup, paralysis, and boils. However, due to its extreme toxicity, it must be carefully processed before use, and self-administration is highly dangerous. If not properly detoxified, serious side effects may occur.
Jack-in-the-Pulpit is commonly found in South Korea, particularly in Saeryeoni Forest on Jeju Island, Jeongseon in Gangwon Province, and mountainous regions in Gyeongsang Province. It thrives in humid environments, such as near swamps or valleys, making it easy to encounter during hikes or walks.
A major risk is that its ripe red berries resemble edible wild berries, making accidental ingestion a serious danger.
If you encounter Jack-in-the-Pulpit in the wild, never touch it with bare hands. The plant’s sap can cause severe skin irritation, and accidental contact with the eyes or mouth can lead to severe symptoms. Due to its high toxicity, the plant does not rely on protective camouflage in nature; instead, it displays its bright red berries as a warning to predators.
Since Jack-in-the-Pulpit was once an ingredient in execution poison and remains highly toxic today, never attempt to touch or consume it. Hikers and nature enthusiasts must be particularly cautious to avoid mistaking its bright red berries for edible fruit.
Most Commented