We’ve all experienced the moment when we accidentally touch something hot. Usually, running it under cold water provides quick relief, but if it develops into a burn, it could leave lasting effects. Winter is especially risky, and extra caution is needed with all the heating gadgets around.
Burns are classified into three degrees according to the depth of tissue damage. First-degree burns affect only the outer layer of the skin. Second-degree burns penetrate deeper, affecting both the epidermis and dermis. They are further divided into superficial and deep burns. Third-degree burns are the most severe, extending through all skin layers and into underlying tissues.
You can also distinguish burns by how they look and feel. First-degree burns cause redness and mild discomfort without blistering. Superficial second-degree burns result in blisters, while deep second-degree burns may cause the skin to appear pale and may lead to a loss of sensation. Third-degree burns often cause significant swelling but may result in less pain due to nerve damage.
Scarring is uncommon with first-degree and superficial second-degree burns, as they typically heal without permanent marks. Deep second-degree burns take over three weeks to heal, frequently resulting in scarring or pigmentation changes. Third-degree burns almost always leave permanent skin alterations, including hypertrophic scars.
During winter, heating devices such as hot packs and electric blankets increase the risk of low-temperature burns. Unlike traditional burns caused by heat above 212°F (100°C), low-temperature burns can occur with prolonged exposure to heat ranging from 104-122°F (40-50°C). Because the heat is not perceived as extreme, the body does not trigger an automatic withdrawal response, allowing heat to accumulate and damage deeper layers of the skin.
If you experience a burn, cool the area immediately under running water or with a cold compress. For burns more severe than first-degree, seek medical attention promptly. Avoid popping blisters, as this increases the risk of secondary infection. If a blister bursts naturally, apply an antibiotic ointment to minimize the risk of infection.
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