Many people have encountered “blackouts” after a night of heavy drinking—moments of memory loss that may seem inconsequential at the time. However, repeated blackouts can have serious long-term effects on brain health. Research reveals that frequent heavy drinking can lead to alcohol-related dementia, with some individuals showing signs of cognitive decline at a surprisingly young age. Here’s a closer look at the connection between blackouts and the onset of alcohol-related dementia.
What is a Blackout?
A blackout is a form of short-term memory loss caused when alcohol interferes with the hippocampus, the part of the brain responsible for memory formation. The hippocampus plays a vital role in turning short-term memories into long-term ones, but alcohol disrupts this process.
As alcohol breaks down, it produces acetaldehyde, a toxic byproduct that damages brain cells. Over time, this damage causes the brain’s folds to flatten, spaces within the brain to enlarge, and cognitive abilities to deteriorate.
Alcohol-Related Dementia and Blackouts
Repeated episodes of heavy drinking can lead to alcohol-related dementia, which accounts for about 10% of dementia cases. Studies show that people who experience blackouts are at a higher risk of developing dementia within a decade. A University College London study involving 131,415 participants found that men who had blacked out were up to three times more likely to develop dementia, while women faced more than double the risk.
The research team explained that persistent blackouts trigger the release of glutamate, a neurotransmitter known to damage brain cells, increasing the risk of dementia. To safeguard your health, it’s best to minimize alcohol consumption. If you choose to drink, be mindful not to reach the point of blacking out.
Risk Factors for Blackouts
Blackouts are more likely to occur with high-alcohol beverages, rapid drinking, or drinking on an empty stomach. Experts suggest limiting alcohol intake to fewer than three times per week, with a recommended cap of no more than half a bottle of soju for men and a quarter bottle for women per session.
Staying hydrated and consuming snacks made from meat, vegetables, and fruits while drinking helps slow alcohol absorption. Since the liver takes about three days to recover from alcohol damage, it’s advisable to space out drinking occasions by at least three to four days.
If you experience two or more blackouts within six months, it may signal early-stage alcohol dependence. In such cases, consulting with a healthcare professional about your drinking habits is strongly recommended.
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