Skin cancer is a malignant tumor that forms on the skin and is generally classified into three types. The most common is basal cell carcinoma, followed by squamous cell carcinoma. Melanoma is the rarest but also the most dangerous. All three types are more likely to develop after long-term exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays.
Basal cell carcinoma grows slowly and rarely spreads, making it highly curable when detected early. It usually appears on areas exposed to the sun, such as the face and neck, often as small bumps or sores that do not heal.
Squamous cell carcinoma grows more quickly and is more likely to spread to other body parts. It is more common among people with weakened immune systems or those who spend much time outside, requiring more careful monitoring.
Melanoma is the most aggressive and dangerous form of skin cancer. It begins in melanocytes, the cells that produce pigment in the skin, and often appears as a dark spot that can rapidly spread to nearby tissue and internal organs.
If not caught early, the survival rate drops significantly. In recent years, cases of melanoma have been increasing even in areas not usually exposed to the sun, such as the soles of the feet, palms, and under the nails.
The good news is that skin cancer is often visible on the body, making it easier to detect early. It’s essential to check for new dark spots, moles that change shape, or skin lesions that bleed, itch, or fail to heal. These signs should prompt a visit to a dermatologist.
One helpful method is the ABCDE rule. A stands for asymmetry, B for irregular borders, C for color changes, D for a diameter over 6 millimeters, and E for evolving size or shape. These features could signal a problem and should be checked by a professional.
The best way to prevent skin cancer is through sun protection. Applying sunscreen outdoors, wearing hats and long-sleeved clothing, and avoiding the sun during peak hours between 10 AM and 3 PM can all help reduce UV exposure. It’s also important to note that UV rays can still harm your skin even on cloudy days, so protection should be a year-round habit.
People over the age of 60, those with a family history of skin cancer, and those who spend long hours outdoors should schedule regular check-ups. When caught early, skin cancer is often treatable with simple procedures. If ignored, however, treatment can involve surgery, chemotherapy, or immunotherapy, along with a much longer recovery time.
Now, smartphone applications can help you track mole changes or scan your skin, but these tools are not a substitute for professional medical care. If you notice anything unusual, it’s best to consult a dermatologist immediately.
Skin cancer is largely preventable if we listen to our skin. We can protect our skin and overall well-being by staying alert and acting early.
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