You’ve probably heard that having a glass of lukewarm water on an empty stomach in the morning is good for your health, or consuming more than 2 liters of water daily is beneficial for skin beauty. But why is that? Our bodies constantly strive to maintain homeostasis to cope with the functions of internal organs and external environmental stimuli, and the key to keeping this balance is hydration. Disrupting homeostasis due to dehydration can lead to health imbalances and send warning signals to our bodies. So, what is the role of hydration, and what diseases can occur when we don’t get enough water?
The Role of Internal Hydration
In our bodies, water travels through the bloodstream, supplying cells with vital nutrients, such as vitamins, minerals, and oxygen, via osmotic pressure. Water also aids in producing blood, lymphatic fluid, hormones, and saliva. When excreted from the body, it helps eliminate waste products and supports metabolism, promoting regular bowel movements. Additionally, water increases blood volume when exercise generates heat, contributing to regular cardiovascular activity and temperature regulation.
Diseases Caused by Dehydration
1. Kidney Stones
Kidney stones are the result of crystalline formations in the urinary tract. Dehydration can lead to the formation of these stones, causing pain and sometimes even hematuria (bloody urine). Men are two to three times more likely to develop kidney stones than women, and while genetic factors play a role, lifestyle habits and lack of adequate hydration are contributing factors. Proper hydration can help prevent calcium oxalate stones, a common type of kidney stone.
2. Cystitis (Bladder Inflammation)
Bladder inflammation, or cystitis, can result from dehydration. When water intake is insufficient, urine production decreases, and the reduced frequency of urination can make it easier for bacteria to invade the bladder. Additionally, stagnant urine can create an ideal environment for bacterial growth. Adequate hydration is crucial to reduce the risk of cystitis.
3. Oral Health Issues
Water is a lubricant in the mouth and throat, reducing friction and irritation. When hydration levels drop, the mouth becomes dry, creating favorable conditions for bacteria to multiply. This can lead to bad breath, the development of dental plaque, and other oral health issues. The presence of oral bacteria can also negatively affect the respiratory tract.
4. Constipation
Proper hydration supports efficient metabolism and nutrient absorption, aids in promoting a sense of fullness, and facilitates regular bowel movements by softening stool. Inadequate water intake can lead to hardening of stool, making it difficult to pass and increasing the risk of constipation. Stagnant stool can generate toxins and promote inflammation in the colon.
5. Chronic Fatigue
Water, absorbed from the digestive system and distributed through the bloodstream, provides nutrients to cells throughout the body. When insufficient hydration levels, the body’s energy consumption is compromised, impairing metabolism. If you often feel inexplicably tired and sluggish, it’s essential to check your water intake.
6. Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)
Hydration plays a significant role in regulating blood volume. When the body lacks water, the blood becomes thicker, increasing the risk of hypertension. Also, dehydration can elevate sodium concentrations in the body, contributing to high blood pressure.
7. Headaches
Dehydration is a common trigger for headaches. When the body doesn’t receive enough oxygen due to reduced blood volume caused by dehydration, it can lead to headaches. Moreover, as approximately 73% of the brain consists of water, proper hydration is essential for cognitive functions, concentration, and memory.
8. Obesity
Adequate hydration is crucial for effective weight management. Dehydration can cause thirst signals to be misinterpreted as hunger, leading to increased food intake. Furthermore, replacing water with sugary drinks can increase caloric intake and the risk of obesity. Maintaining optimal hydration is vital for proper appetite regulation.
9. Depression
Insufficient water intake can disrupt the balance of blood, hormones, and bodily fluids. In response, the body may release stress hormones to reduce discomfort, leading to increased sensitivity, anxiety, irritability, and depression. Additionally, decreased blood flow to the brain due to dehydration can impair cognitive functions and lead to a lack of focus and motivation.
In conclusion, water is not just essential for quenching thirst but is crucial for maintaining overall health and well-being. Proper hydration is necessary for the body’s functions and can help prevent various diseases. To ensure good health, be mindful of your water intake and prioritize hydration daily.
By. Oh Hye-in (press@daily.co.kr)
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