Dr. Jesus Ramirez-Bermudez, a neurologist from Mexico, told the Daily Mail that the Clock Drawing Test (CDT) is one of the simplest and most economical methods to detect dementia. He illustrated this by referencing examples of clock drawings created by dementia patients, which demonstrate how the test is administered and its effectiveness in identifying cognitive issues.
The Clock Drawing Test is a psychological assessment tool developed to diagnose dementia and mild cognitive impairment at an early stage. Unlike the original 1983 version, the test has been revised, including updated scoring criteria. It is now widely used in more than 15 scoring systems, including those for dementia screening and neuropsychological evaluations.
The test begins by asking participants to draw a circular clock on a blank sheet of paper. They are then instructed to place the numbers 1 through 12 on the clock face and set the clock hands to 11:10. Accuracy is key—both the numbers and clock hands must be positioned correctly, with particular attention to showing 11:10 precisely.
The well-known Shulman scoring system is one of the most commonly used methods for scoring the completed clock. It rates the drawing on a scale from 0 to 5 points. A score of 3 is given if the clock’s structure is incomplete or the hands are not set to 11:10 accurately. A score of 4 is awarded if there are minor errors in the clock structure, but the time is correctly set to 11:10.
If the clock’s structure and time markings raise concerns about potential cognitive issues, it’s advisable to consult a healthcare professional for further evaluation. The UK’s National Health Service (NHS) notes, “Drawing the clock accurately requires various cognitive abilities, and individuals who can draw it correctly are significantly less likely to have dementia.”
Beyond formal testing, paying attention to certain daily habits can offer valuable clues for early dementia detection. Several everyday behaviors may raise suspicion of cognitive decline, and one of the most telling indicators is walking speed.
Walking speed is not only a sign of dementia risk but can also reflect overall health. A study from Boston Hospital found that middle-aged individuals who walk at a slower pace are 1.5 times more likely to develop dementia.
Weak grip strength is another factor linked to an increased risk of dementia. According to the American Academy of Neurology, individuals who exhibit a firm handshake have a 42% lower risk of developing dementia or having a stroke.
Cardiovascular health is key to maintaining strength and function throughout the body. A weakened cardiovascular system can lead to reduced muscle strength in the arms and legs, including weaker grip strength, which is linked to cognitive decline.
Another important factor in dementia prevention is sleep. People who do not get enough sleep or fail to reach the deep sleep stages necessary for brain health are at a higher risk of developing dementia over time.
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